Extra Questions for Class 10th Science: Ch 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations

 

NEW LEARNET EDUCATION

CHAPTER - 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations

                              

Question-1

What is the method of balancing chemical equation?

Solution:

Hit and trial method is used for balancing simple chemical equations. In this method, coefficients before the symbols/formulae of the reactants and products are adjusted in such a way that the total number of atoms of each element on both the sides becomes equal.

Question-2

Why is it necessary to balance a chemical equation?

Solution:

We know that, according to the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of all the atoms present in the reactants should be equal to that of all the atoms present in the products. This law will hold good only when the number of atoms of all types of elements on both sides is equal. Thus balancing of chemical equation is necessary so that the law of conservation of mass may be obeyed.

Question-3

In the equations given below, state giving reasons, whether substances have been oxidised or reduced.

(i) PbO + CO –> Pb + CO2

(ii) H2S + Cl2–>2HCl + S.

Solution:

(i) Carbon monoxide is oxidised as it gains oxygen.

(ii) Chlorine is reduced as it gains hydrogen.

Question-4

A sample of water weed was placed in water and exposed to sunlight. Bubbles of a gas are seen on the surface of the leaves.

(i) Name the gas evolved.

(ii) Name the process taking place.

(iii) Write a balanced equation of reaction taking place.

Solution:

(i) Oxygen

(ii) Photosynthesis

(iii) 6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2.

Question-5

Give balanced equations, wherever possible, or where this is not possible, explain the following by means of examples:

i) A reaction which gives out heat.

ii) A reaction which takes place with the help of sunlight.

iii) A reaction which is brought about by electric current.

iv) A reversible reactions.

(v) A reaction with a solid and gas which produces heat.

Solution:

Question-6
Balance the following chemical equations:

Question-7

Write the uses of decomposition reactions.

Solution:

The decomposition reactions carried out by electricity are used to extract several metals from their naturally occurring compounds like chlorides and oxides.

When passing electricity decomposes the fused metal chloride or metal oxide, then metal is produced at the cathode.

Question-8

What are the characteristics of chemical reactions?

Solution:

1. Evolution of a gas

2. Formation of a precipitate

3. Change in colour

4. Change in temperature

5. Change in state.

Question-9

Can rancidity retarded by storing foods away from light?

Solution:

In the absence of light, the oxidation of fats and oils present in food is slowed down and hence the development of rancidity is retarded.

Question-10

What are the different ways can make more informative about the chemical equation?

Solution:

1. By indicating the “physical states” of the reactants and products.

2. By indicating the “heat changes” taking place in the reaction.

3. By indicating the “conditions” under which the reaction takes place.

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Short Answer Type Questions[l] [2 Marks] -Year 2015

1.“We need to balance a skeltal chemical equation.” Give reason to justify the statement.
Answer. Skeltal chemical equation are unbalanced. We need to balance chemical equation because of law of conservation of mass. It states that ‘matter can neither be created nor be destroyed’. Therefore chemical equation must be balanced in each and every chemical reaction.

2.Giving an example list two information which make a chemical equation more useful (informative).
Answer.
(i) Physical state of reactants must be mentioned, e.g.
2H2 (g) + O2 (g)——– > 2H20 (l)
(ii) Condition in which reaction takes place are written on the arrow head, e.g.

Consider the following chemical reaction
X + Barium chloride——–> Y + Sodium chloride
(White ppt)
(a) Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’
(b) The type of reaction
(a) ‘X’ is Na2SO4 and Y is BaSO4.
(b) The type of reaction
Na2SO4 + BaCl2—–> BaSO4 + 2NaCl
(White ppt)
The reaction is precipitation reaction. It is also called double displacement reaction.

4. Name the reducing agent in the following reaction:

3MnO2 + 4Al———— > 3Mn + 2Al2O3
State which is more reactive, Mn or A1 and why?
Answer. ‘Al’ is reducing agent.
‘AT is more reactive than Mn v ‘Al’ displaces Mn from its oxide.

5.(i) Write a balanced chemical equation for process of photosynthesis.
   (ii)When do desert plants take up carbon dioxide and perform photosynthesis?
Answer.

(ii) In desert plants the stomata are open at night. They take CO2 at night and is stored in the form of acid and is used during day time for photosynthesis.

Short Answer Type Questions[ll] [3 Marks] -Year 2015

6.A Name the type of chemical reaction represented by the following equation:

Answer.
(i) Combination reaction
(ii) Double displacement reaction (Precipitation reaction)
(iii) Decomposition reaction.

7. Write the chemical equation of the reaction in which the following changes have taken place with an example of each: 
(i) Change in colour
(ii) Change in temperature
(iii) Formation of precipitate
Answer.
(i)Cu (s) + 2AgNO3 (aq)———–> Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag
The solution will become blue in colour and shiny silver metal will be deposited.
(ii) NaOH + HCl ———–> NaCl +  H2O+ heat
The temperature will increase because heat will be evolved.
(iii) Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2KI (aq)———–> Pbl2 (s) + 2KNO3 (aq)
Yellow ppt
Yellow precipitate of Pbl2will be formed.

8.State the type of chemical reactions and chemical equations that take place in the following:

(i) Magnesium wire is burnt in air.
(ii) Electric current is passed through water.
(iii) Ammonia and hydrogen chloride gases’are mixed.

Answer.

9.(a) Write the essential condition for the following reaction to take place:
2AgBr—-> 2Ag + Br2
Write one application of this reaction.
(b) Complete the following chemical equation of a chemical reaction 2FeS04 —

(c) What happens when water is added to quick line. Write chemical equation.
Answer.

This reaction is used in photography.

(c) Slaked lime is formed with hissing sound and lot of heat is envolved.

10. 2g of ferrous sulphate crystals are heated in a dry boiling tube.
(i) List any two observations.
(ii) Name the type of chemical reaction taking place.
(iii) ‘Write the chemical equation for the reaction.
Answer.
(i) •Green colour of Fe SO4 disappears and reddish brown solid is formed.
• Smell of burning sulphur.
(ii) Decomposition reaction

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks] -Year 2015

11. (a) Define a balanced chemical equation. Why should an equation be balanced?
(b) Write the balanced chemical equation for the following reaction:
(i) Phosphorus burns in presence of chlorine to form phosphorus penta chloride.
(ii) Burning of natural gas.
(iii) The process of respiration.
Answer.
(a) Balanced chemical equation has an equal number of atoms of different elements in the reactants and products. According to law of conservation of mass, matter can neither be created nor be destroyed in a chemical reaction.
(b)(i) P4 (s) + 10Cl2 (g) ———> 4PCl5 (S)
(i)CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) ———> CO2 (g) + 2H2O(l) + heat energy
(iii) C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2 (g) + 6H2O ———> 6CO2 (aq) + 12H2O (l) + energy

12.(a) Explain two ways by which food industries prevent rancidity.
(b) Discuss the importance of decomposition reaction in metal industry with three points.
Answer.
(a) (i) Rancidity can be prevented by adding antioxidants to food containing
fat and oil, e.g. butylated hydroxy anisole is added to butter as antioxidant.
(ii) It can be prevented by packaging fat and oil containing foods in nitrogen gas.
(b) (i) Molten NaCl is electrolytically decomposed to form sodium metal.
(ii) Aluminium metal is obtained by electric decomposition of bauxite ore mixed with cryolite.
(iii) Carbonate ores are thermally decomposed to give metal oxide which on reduction give metal.

Short Answer Type Question[I] [2 Marks] -Year 2014

13. What is observed when a solution of potassium iodide solution is added to a solution of lead nitrate? Name the type of reaction. Write a balanced chemical equation to represent the above chemical reaction.
Answer.Yellow precipitate of lead iodide is formed. It is precipitation reaction.
Pb( NO3)2 (aq) + 2KI (aq) —-> Pbl2 (s) + 2KNO3 (aq)
It is also called double displacement reaction.

short Answer Type Question[ll] [3 Marks] -Year 2014

14.Write chemical equation reactions taking place when carried out with the help of
(a) Iron reacts with steam
(b) Magnesium reacts with dil HCl
(c) Copper is heated in air.
Answer.

Long Answer Type Question [5 Marks] -Year 2014

15.(a) Write one example for each of decomposion reaction carried out with help of
(i) Electricity (ii) Heat (iii) Light
(b) Which of the following statements is correct and why copper can displace silver from silver nitrate and silver can displace copper from copper sulphate solution.
Answer.

Short Answer Type Questions[ll] [3 Marks] -Year 2013

16.Which products will be obtained when lead nitrate is heated simply. Write balanced chemical equation for the reaction? State the type of chemical reaction that occur in the change.
Answer. Lead monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen gas will be liberated.

It is thermal decomposition reaction.

17. What is meant by skeltal type chemical equation? What does it represent? Using the equation for electrolytic decomposition of water, differentiate between a skeltal chemical equation and a balanced chemical equation.
Answer. The equations in which gaseous are written in atomic form instead of molecular form and equation is not balanced, are called skeltal type equation. They represent gaseous elements formed in atomic state and equation is not balanced

Short Answer Type Questions[l] [2 Marks]-Year 2012

18.Write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions.
(i) Silver bromide on exposure to sunlight decomposes into silver and bromine,
(ii) Sodium metal reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Answer.

19.Identify the type of reaction(s) in the following equations.
(i)CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2 H2O
(ii) Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI ——–>Pbl2 + 2KNOs
(iii) CaO +  H2O ——–> Ca(OH)2
(iv) CuSO4 + Zn ——–> ZnSO4 + Cu
Answer.
(i) Combustion reaction and oxidation reaction.
(ii)Double displacement reaction and precipitation reaction.
(iii) Combination reaction.
(iv) Displacement reaction.

20.Write balanced equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. Name the product obtained, identify the type of reaction.
Answer.

The product formed is magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.
It is a displacement reaction.

21.Describe an activity to observe what happens when quick lime is added to water taken in a beaker. State two important observations and name the type of reaction taking place.
Answer.
Aim: To observe what happens when quicklime is added to water taken in a beaker.
Materials Required:- Quicklime (calcium oxide), water, beaker.

Procedure:
1. Take 5 g of calcium oxide in a beaker.
2. Add water to it slowly.
3. Touch the beaker.
4. Note down the observations.
Observation: Calcium oxide reacts with water
vigorously to form calcium hydroxide with the evolution of heat.
Chemical Reaction:

Conclusion: The reaction between CaO (Calcium oxide) and H2O is a combination reaction. It is an exothermic process because heat is evolved.

22.What is the colour of ferrous sulphate crystals? How does this colour change after heating?
Answer.The colour of ferrous sulphate is pale green. The colour changes to reddish brown on heating due to formation of iron (III) oxide.
Give an example each for thermal decomposition and photochemical decomposition reactions. Write relevant balanced chemical equations also.
Thermal decomposition reaction:

Photochemical decomposition reaction:

24. Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron nail is dipped in it? Write two observations.
Answer. It is because displacement reaction takes place.
Iron displaces copper from copper sulphate solution and forms pale green
coloured solution of FeS04 and reddish brown copper metal gets deposited.
Fe(s) + CuS04(aq) ——–> FeS04(aq) + Cu(s)

25. Translate the following statement into chemical equation and then balance it Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give aluminium chloride and a precipitate of barium sulphate. State the two types in which this reaction can be classified.
Answer. 3BaCl2(aq) + A12(S04)3(aq) ——–> 3BaS04(s) + 2AlCl3(aq)
It can be classified as double displacement as well as precipitation reaction.

26. Why are decomposition reactions called the opposite of combination reactions? Write equations for these reactions.
Answer. In decomposition reaction, a compound is broken down into simpler compounds or elements, e.g.

Combination reaction is a reaction in which two or more elements or compounds combine to form a new compound, e.g.

Thus, decomposition and combination reactions are opposite to each other.

Short Answer Type Questions[ll] [3 Marks]  -Year 2012

27. The following diagram displays a chemical reaction. Observe carefully and answer the following questions

(a) Identify the type of chemical reaction that will take place and define it. How will the colour of the salt change?
Write the chemical equation of the reaction that takes place.
(c) Mention one commercial use of this salt.
Answer. (a) Photochemical decomposition reaction: Those reactions in which a compound breaks down into simple substances in presence of light are called photochemical decomposition reaction. The colour of salt will change from white to grey.

(c) Silver chloride is used in photography.

28. What is rancidity? Mention any two ways by which rancidity can be prevented.
Answer. The process in which taste and smell of food gets spoiled is called rancidity. It happens due to oxidation.
Prevention from rancidity:
(i) Antioxidants are added to fatty acids to prevent oxidation, e.g. chips are packed in presence of nitrogen gas which prevents spoilage by oxidation.
(ii)Food should be kept in airtight container in refrigerator.

29.Write balanced chemical equation for the reactions that take place during respiration. Identify the type of combination reaction that takes place during this process and justify the name. Give one more example of this type of reaction.
Answer. CgH1206 + 6O2 —————> 6CO2 + 6H20 + heat
It is an exothermic combination reaction because heat is evolved.
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) ————–>CO2 (g) + 2H20
Combustion of methane is another example of exothermic combination reaction.

30. What is redox reaction? Identify the substance oxidised and the substance reduced in the following reactions.
(i)2PbO + C —–> 2Pb + CO2
(ii)MnO2 + 4HCl —–> MnCl2 + 2H20 + Cl2
Answer. Those reactions in which oxidation and reduction takes place simultaneously are called redox reactions.
(i) PbO is getting reduced and C is getting oxidised.
(ii) MnOs is getting reduced and HCl is getting oxidised.

31. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the type of reaction in each case.
Thermite reaction, iron (III) oxide reacts with aluminium and gives molten iron and aluminium oxide.
Answer.

It is a displacement reaction because A1 is displacing Fe from Fe2O3.
Molten iron is used’for repairing broken railway tracks.

32. A solution of potassium chloride when mixed with silver nitrate solution, an insoluble white substance is formed. Write the chemical reaction involved and also mention the type of the chemical reaction?
Answer.

.
It is a double displacement reaction. It is also a precipitation reaction as AgCl is a white precipitate.

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark] -Year 2011

33.State one basic difference between a physical change and a chemical change.
Answer. In physical change, no new substance is formed, whereas in a chemical change, new substance(s) is/are formed.

34 What is meant by a chemical reaction?
Answer. The reaction representing a chemical change is called a chemical reaction.

35.AgN03(aq) + NaCl(aq)——————– > AgCl(s)4↓ + NaN03(aq)
FeS + H2S04————- > FeS04 + H2S↑
Consider the above mentioned two chemical equations with two different kinds of arrows (↑and ↓) along with product. What do these two different arrows indicate?
Ans,↑shows the gas is evolved whereas ↓shows insoluble substance (precipitate) is formed.

36. Hydrogen being a highly inflammable gas and oxygen being a supporter of combustion, yet water which is a compound made up of hydrogen and oxygen is used to extinguish fire. Why?
Answer. It is because properties of compound (H2O) are different from properties of its constituting elements, i.e. H2and O2.

Short Answer Type Questions[l] [2 Marks] -Year 2011

37.Using a suitable chemical equation, justify that some chemical reactions are determined by:
(i) change in colour, (ii) change in temperature.
Answer.

38.(a) A solution of substance ‘X’ is used for white washing. What is the substance ‘X’? State the chemical reaction of ‘X’ with water.
(b) Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron nail is dipped in it?
Answer.
(a) ‘X’ is calcium oxide (CaO).
CaO(s) + H2O(l) —–> Ca(OH)2(aq) + heat
(a) It is because iron displaces copper from CuS04 to form FeS04 which is pale green.
Fe(s) + CUS04 (aq)—–> FeS04(aq) + Cu(s)
Blue                       Pale green

39.Balance the following chemical equations.

Answer.

40.Write the balanced equation for the. following reaction and identify the type of reaction in each case.
(i) Potassium bromide + Barium iodide—-> Potassium iodide + Barium bromide.
(ii) Hydrogen(g) + Chlorine(g)—-> Hydrogen chloride(g)
Answer.

41. A zinc plate was put into a solution of copper sulphate kept in a glass container. It was found that blue colour of the solution gets fader and fader with the passage of time. After few days, when zinc plate was taken out of the solution, a number of holes were observed on it.
(i) State the reason for changes observed on the zinc plate.
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved.
Answer.
(i) It is because zinc has displaced copper from CuS04. Zinc metal has been used to form zinc sulphate, therefore, number of holes were observed.

42. A white salt on heating decomposes to give brown fumes and a residue is left behind.
(i) Name the salt.
(ii) Write the equation for the decom-position reaction.
Answer.
(i) Lead nitrate is white salt.

43. When a solution of potassium iodide is added to a solution of lead nitrate in a test tube, a reaction takes place.
(a) What type of reaction is this?
(b) Write a balanced chemical equation to represent the above reaction.
Answer.
(a) Double displacement as well as precipitation reaction.

44. Define combination reaction. Give one example of a combination reaction which is also exothermic.
Answer. A reaction in which two elements or compounds combine to form a single compound is called combination reaction.

It is also an exothermic reaction along with a combination reaction because heat is evolved.
Short Answer Type Questions[ll] [3 Marks]

45.(a) Classify the following reactions into different types.

(b) Which of the above reaction(s) is/are precipitation reaction(s)? Why is a reaction called precipitation reaction?
Answer.
(a) (i) Precipitation reaction (Double displacement reaction)
(ii) Combination reaction (in) Decomposition reaction
(b) Reaction (i) is a precipitation reaction because one of the product formed is insoluble in water.

46. Write balanced equations for the following mentioning the type of reaction involved.
(i) Aluminium + Bromine —–> Aluminium bromide
(ii) Calcium carbonate—–> Calcium oxide + Carbon dioxide
(iii) Silver chloride—–>Silver + Chlorine
Answer.

47.(a) Why is respiration considered as an exothermic reaction?
(b) Define the terms oxidation and reduction.
(c) Identify the substance that is oxidised and reduced in the following reaction.

Answer. (a) It is because heat is evolved during respiration.
(b) Oxidation is a process in which O2 is added or H2 is removed or loss of electrons take place. Reduction is a process in which H2 is added or O2. is removed or gain of electrons take place.
(c) Zn is getting oxidised, CuO is getting reduced.

48. What is meant by
(i) precipitation reaction,
(ii) exothermic reaction,
(iii) oxidation reaction?
Write balanced chemical equations for an example of each.
Answer.(i) Precipitation reaction: The reaction in which two compounds exchange their
ions and the product formed is insoluble in water is called precipitation reaction.

(ii) Exothermic reaction: The reaction in Which heat is evolved is known as exothermic reaction.

(iii) Oxidation reaction: The reaction in which Og is added or H2 is removed or loss of electrons takes place is called oxidation reaction.

49.You might have noted that when copper powder is heated in a china dish, the surface of copper powder becomes coated with a black colour substance.
(i) How has this black coloured substance formed?
(ii) What is that black substance?
(iii) Write the chemical equation of the reaction that takes place.
Answer.
(i) Copper reacts with oxygen to form copper oxide which is black, i.e. oxidation of copper takes place.
(ii)Copper oxide

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark] -Year 2010

50. What happens chemically when quicklime is added to water filled in a bucket?
Answer. Quicklime reacts with water to form slaked lime and produces lot of heat and hissing sound.

51. On what basis is a chemical equation balanced?
Answer. A chemical reaction is balanced on the basis of law of conservation of mass.

52. What change in colour is observed when white silver chloride is left exposed to sunlight? State the type of chemical reaction in this change.
Answer. Silver chloride becomes grey. It is a photochemical decomposition reaction.

53. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium chloride
and silver nitrate indicating the physical state of the reactants and the products.
Answer.

Short Answer Type Questions[l] [2 Marks]

54. What happens when an aqueous solution of sodium sulphate reacts with an aqueous solution of barium chloride? State the physical conditions of reactants in which the reaction between them will not take place. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction and name the type of reaction.
Answer. White precipitate of barium sulphate is formed.
If both reactants are in solid state, then the reaction will not take place between them.

It is a double displacement as well as a precipitation reaction.

55. What is a redox reaction? When a magnesium ribbon burns in air with a dazzling flame and forms a white ash, is magnesium oxidised or reduced? Why?
Answer. The reactions in which oxidation (loss of electrons) and reduction (gain of electrons) take place simultaneously are called redox reactions.

Magnesium is getting oxidised because it is losing electrons to form Mg2+ and oxygen is gaining electrons to form O2-, therefore it is getting reduced.

56. Write any two observations in an activity which may suggest that a chemical reaction has taken place. Give an example in support of your answer.
Answer. Any two of these observations will suggest chemical reaction has taken place.
(i) Change in state.
(ii)Change in colour.
(iii) Evolution of gas.
(iv)Change in temperature.
For example, lead nitrate is white crystalline solid which on heating gives yellowish brown solid (lead monoxide). A brown gas and a colourless gas is also evolved. It shows chemical reaction has taken place.

57.When the powder of a common metal is heated in an open china dish, its colour turns black. However, when hydrogen is passed over the hot black substance so formed, it regains its original colour. Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) What type of chemical reaction takes place in each of the two given steps?
(ii) Name the metal initially taken in the powder form. Write balanced chemical equations for both reactions.
Answer.
(i) In first step, oxidation takes place.In second step, redox reaction takes place.
(ii)Metal in the powder form is copper.

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark] -Year 2009

58.In electrolysis of water, why is the volume of gas collected over one electrode double that of gas collected over the other electrode?
Answer.It is because water contains hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 2 : 1.

59.Balance the following chemical equations.
Answer.

Short Answer Type Questions[l] [2 Marks] -Year 2009

60. Name the products formed on strongly heating ferrous sulphate crystals. What type of chemical reaction occurs in this change?
Answer.

It is decomposition reaction.

61. What is an oxidation reaction? Give an example of oxidation reaction. Is oxidation an exothermic or an endothermic reaction?
Answer. The reaction in which oxygen or electronegative element is added or hydrogen or electropositive element is removed or loss of electrons takes place, is called an oxidation reaction, e.g. ,

Oxidation reactions are mostly exothermic in nature because heat is evolved in this process.

62. Describe an activity to demonstrate the change that takes place when white silver chloride is kept in sunlight. State the type of chemical reaction which takes place.
Answer.
Aim: To demonstrate the change that takes place when white silver chloride is kept in sunlight.
Materials Required: AgNO3(aq), NaCl(aq), test tubes.

Procedure:
1. Take 5 ml of silver nitrate solution in a test tube.
2. Prepare sodium chloride solution in another test tube.
3. Add sodium chloride solution into test tube containing silver nitrate solution.
4. Observe the colour of silver chloride formed chloride to grey silver metal Dry it with the help of filter papers and place it on the watch glass.
5. Place the watch glass under sunlight for sometime.
6. Observe the colour of the silver chloride after sometime. Observation: White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight because silver metal is formed.

Explanation: Silver chloride is photosensitive. It decomposes in presence of sunlight to form silver metal and chlorine gas.
Conclusion: Decomposition of silver chloride in presence of sunlight is photochemical decomposition reaction.

63.When magnesium ribbon burns in air or oxygen, a product is formed. State the type of chemical reaction and name the product formed in the reaction. Write balanced chemical equation of this reaction.
Answer.

The type of reaction is combination reaction and the product formed is magnesium oxide.

64.Distinguish between a displacement reaction and a double displacement reaction. Identify the displacement and the double displacement reaction from the following reactions.
Answer.

Displacement reaction is a reaction in which more reactive metal can displace less reactive metal from its salt solution.
Double displacement reaction are those reactions in which compounds exchange their ions to form two new compounds (?) Double displacement reaction (ii) Displacement reaction

65.When you have mixed the solutions of lead(II) nitrate and potassium iodide,
(i) what was the colour of the precipitate formed and can you name the precipitate?
(ii) write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
(iii) is this also a double displacement reaction?
Answer.
(i) The colour of the precipitate is yellow. The name of compound formed as a precipitate is Pbl2 (lead iodide).

(iii) Yes, it is also a double displacement reaction.

66.What do you mean by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Give examples.
Answer.Exothermic reactions are those in which heat is evolved, e.g.

Endothermic reactions are those reactions in which heat is absorbed, e.g.

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Q1. What happens when magnesium ribbon burns in air?

Answer

When magnesium ribbon burns in air, it combines with the oxygen to form magnesium oxide.

2Mg(s) + O₂ (g) → 2MgO(s)

Q2. On what chemical law, balancing of chemical equation is based?

Answer

Balancing of a chemical equation is based on the law of conservation of mass.

Q3. Name the gas evolved when zinc reacts with dil. HCl.

Answer

Hydrogen gas is evolved.

Q4. Name and state the law which is kept in mind while we balance a chemical equation. 

Answer

Law of conservation of mass. Mass can neither be created nor be destroyed during a chemical reaction.

Q5. Write the chemical equation for reactions that takes place when lead nitrate and potassium iodide solutions are mixed.

Answer

Pb(NO₃)₂ + 2KI → 2KNO₃ + PbI₂

Lead nitrate + Potassium iodide → Potassium nitrate + Leadiodide

Q6. Why is photosynthesis considered an endothermic reaction?

Answer

The photosynthesis is considered an endothermic reaction because heat is absorbed in this process.

Q7. What is percipitate?. 

Answer

Percipitate is insoluble metal compound formed after reaction.

Short Answer Questions-I (SAQs-I): 2 Marks

Q1. Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron nail is dipped in it? Write chemical equation for the reaction involved. 

Answer

Iron is more reactive than copper so it displaces copper from copper sulphate solution and forms iron sulphate, hence the colour of solution changes.

Equation: Fe + CuSO₄ (aq) → FeSO₄ (aq) + CuO 

Q2. State reason for the following: 

(i) Potato chips manufactures fill the packet of chips with nitrogen gas. 

(ii) Iron articles are shining when new, but get coated with a reddish brown powder, when left for some time. 

Answer

(i) Potato chips manufactures fill the packet of chips with nitrogen gas to prevent rancidity.

(ii) Rusting and corrosion. 

Q3. A student prepares aqueous solutions of the following salts: Copper sulphate : ferrous sulphate, Sodium sulphate, barium chloride. Write the colour of each solution thus formed. 

Answer

Copper sulphate — Green 

Ferrous sulphate — Pale green 

Sodium sulphate — Milky white 

Barium chloride — White 

Q4. Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give, aluminium chloride and barium sulphate.

(i) State the two types in which the above reaction can be classified. 

(ii) Translate the above statement into a chemical equation. 

Answer

(i) Double displacement reaction and Precipitation reaction. 

(ii) 3BaCl₂ + Al₂(SO₄)₃ → 2AlCl₃ + 3BaSO₄(↓)

Short Answer Questions-II (SAQs-II): 3 Marks

Q1. Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of heat, light and electricity.

Answer

(i) Decomposition by heat of lead nitrate.

(ii) Decomposition by light of Silver Chloride

(iii) Decomposition by electricity of Water

Q2. State the kind of chemical reactions in the following examples in terms of loss and gain of energy:
(i) Digestion of food in stomach 
(ii) Combustion of coal in air 
(iii) Heating of limestone.

Answer

Digestion of food in Stomach

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy

Energy is released in the process. It is exothermic reaction.

Combustion of Coal

Coal is Carbon. It is a combustion reaction.

C+O₂→CO₂

Energy is released in the process hence it is known as exothermic reaction.

Heating of Limestone. 

Limestone is calcium carbonate. Ca₂CO₃

Energy is absorbed in the process. So, the reaction is endothermic reaction.

Q3. A solution of a substance 'X' is used for testing carbon dioxide. Write the equation of the reaction of X with carbon dioxide. (b) How is X obtained? Write chemical equation.

Answer

(a) Substance X is lime water which is aqueous solution of Calcium Hydroxide. 

Ca(OH)₂ (aq)+CO₂ (g)→CaCO₃ (s)+H₂O(l)

When limewater reacts with Carbon di oxide, it turns milky, that is Calcium Hydroxide.

(b) Calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to produced slaked time (calcium hydroxide) releasing a large amount of heat.

Q4. Write the steps for balancing the chemical equation for the formation of ammonia by the combination of nitrogen and hydrogen.

Answer

First, we write the skeletal chemical equation for the process.

N₂+H₂→NH₃

Examine the number of atoms of different elements present in the unbalanced equation.

In the above reaction both the sides Nitrogen and Oxygen both are unbalanced.

To balance hydrogen, H₂ is multiplied by 3 LHS. It makes 6H-atoms on the left hand side.Now, to balance hydrogen, in RHS, 2 is multiplied to NH3. 

Nitrogen is balanced automatically. 

N₂ (g)+3H₂ (g)→2NH₃ (g)

Long Answer Questions (LAQs): 5 Marks

Q1. (a) Explain the term "rancidity." Name the type of chemical reaction responsible for causing rancidity and define it. (b) Write three methods for preventing rancidity of food.

Answer

We have seen food getting contaminated and having an unpleasant smell if it is left open in summer.  In a hot weather, Oil present in food get oxidized and become Rancid. Such food is not recommended for consumption. 

The food is getting oxidized so the reaction is oxidation reaction.

Methods for preventing food from getting oxidized are:-

(a) Food is kept in cool place like refrigerator.

(b) Packaging should be air tight

(c) Antioxidants should be added to food.

Q2. (a) List any three observations that determine that a chemical reaction has taken place. Also list three informations that cannot be obtained about a chemical reaction, merely by its chemical equation.

(b) Balance the following chemical equations.

(i) Fe + H₂O → Fe₃O₄ + H₂

(ii) CO₂ + H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆+O₂

Answer

The three observations are

(i) Change of color

(ii) Change of temperature

(iii) Evolution of Gas

 The three informations are 

Atmospheric conditions

(i) Catalyst involved

(ii) Physical states of reactants and products

Balancing Equations

(i)  3Fe+4H₂O→Fe₃O₄+4H₂

(ii)  6CO₂+6H₂O→C₆H₁₂O₆+6O₂